Author(s): George G Nomikos
Journal: The IIOAB Journal
ISSN 0976-3104
Volume: 1;
Issue: 3;
Start page: 1;
Date: 2010;
ABSTRACT
There is strong evidence that drug addiction is a genetic disorder. Risk genes have been located primarily with genetic linkage studies and identified mostly with genetic association studies. Thus, the phenotype of drug addiction is in essence a reflection of gene variants that render the individual vulnerable and increase the risk for the disorder. It is also widely accepted that the neurobiological underpinnings of drug use, dependence and addiction involve the participation of the mesolimbocortical dopaminergic system of the brain. This is consistent with the role of dopamine in reward and reinforcement of behavior and the fact that all dependence-producing and highly addictive drugs invariably affect dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain. A genetic predisposition may enhance the deleterious effects of drugs and the individual’s coping ability. Accordingly, identified and confirmed genetic variations that are related to altered dopamine function in the brain may be associated with a higher risk for drug addiction and used to understand pathophysiology, improve diagnosis, facilitate prevention and individualize treatment options.
Journal: The IIOAB Journal
ISSN 0976-3104
Volume: 1;
Issue: 3;
Start page: 1;
Date: 2010;
ABSTRACT
There is strong evidence that drug addiction is a genetic disorder. Risk genes have been located primarily with genetic linkage studies and identified mostly with genetic association studies. Thus, the phenotype of drug addiction is in essence a reflection of gene variants that render the individual vulnerable and increase the risk for the disorder. It is also widely accepted that the neurobiological underpinnings of drug use, dependence and addiction involve the participation of the mesolimbocortical dopaminergic system of the brain. This is consistent with the role of dopamine in reward and reinforcement of behavior and the fact that all dependence-producing and highly addictive drugs invariably affect dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain. A genetic predisposition may enhance the deleterious effects of drugs and the individual’s coping ability. Accordingly, identified and confirmed genetic variations that are related to altered dopamine function in the brain may be associated with a higher risk for drug addiction and used to understand pathophysiology, improve diagnosis, facilitate prevention and individualize treatment options.
